running a Hi sec Pos is pretty much safe (No Caps, and Concords Protection), and costs about 100 mill per month to fuel (Depending on modules) plus you will need to run missions at a constant rate to earn sufficient LP to buy the charters.
This is great for invention as said, but has a number of limitations.
Major one for industry people is no refining, refinery's can only be anchored in 0.4 space and below.
A few of the industry guys I know that mine ice, anchor a small POS in low sec, (quietest system they can find, with a hi-sec connection) put up one small refinery's and a hangar if you have the grid stick another refinery on(most efficient ice refiners) and keep the POS attended all the time they are refining...
Putting up a small POS and two refinery's takes less than an hour, and only the fuel required to run the pos for the estimated refine time plus one hour of stront is required. You park a freighter in the pos shields, passive align to the hisec gate. If the POS gets attacked the POS allows the freighter to get to the gate and jump to safety and all you've really lossed is a small tower plus the refine cycle.
The main guy who I know does this refines once a month, and spends about 10hrs refining. He reackons he gets attacked once every 5 or 6 months. He never uses the same date, and often uses different systems though.
Low sec poses have problems of their own...
No XL-Captial ship production, as this requires soverinty
No Jump Bridge, cyno fields or jammers, as again soverinty is required... etc
Last quick note, low sec refining should only be done for ice mining, you can not get 100% efficiency with any other material...Use a station instead.